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![]() ![]() ![]() A typical cycle lasts approximately 28 days the luteal phase lasts 14 days, while the follicular phase is more variable in its time course. The luteal phase begins with the LH surge and ends with the onset of menses. ![]() The follicular phase begins with menstrual bleeding and ends right before the LH (luteinizing hormone) surge. The normal menstrual cycle divides into the follicular and luteal phases, with ovulation occurring between phases. If fertilization does occur, the fertilized egg implants in the endometrial wall and the endometrial lining is maintained by progesterone secreted (initially) by the corpus luteum until the placenta takes over. If no fertilization takes place, the expulsion of the egg occurs from the uterus along with the secretory endometrial lining under the influence of declining levels of progesterone this presents as menstrual bleeding. At ovulation, the Graafian follicle expels the ovum from its surrounding tissue, henceforth called the corpus luteum. The dominant follicle develops into a Graafian follicle, at which point meiosis I has completed, and the ovum is no longer in prophase I arrest. One becomes the dominant follicle and continues to grow while the other follicles become atretic and cease to develop. At the initiation of each menstrual cycle, a number of primordial follicles in the female’s ovaries continue development. Menarche occurs during puberty, preceded by breast growth, axillary and pubic hair growth, and a growth spurt. Menarche is a female’s first menstrual cycle, marked by her first episode of menstrual bleeding. ![]()
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